Higgins Armory Sword Guild

Muse Magazine Fight Sequences

The February 2003 issue of Muse magazine features an article on the history of swordplay by Dr. Jeffrey L. Forgeng (Higgins Armory Sword Guild historical advisor) and Mark Millman (Higgins Armory Sword Guild teacher). The article is illustrated with four representative fights dating from the 13th to the 18th centuries.

The links below lead to pages that include technical descriptions of each of these fights, as well as to slow-motion video clips of the fights.

sword and buckler demo

Sword and Buckler, c.1300.

This sequence illustrates the basic attack and defense from the earliest known European martial arts treatise, Royal Armouries MS I.33, written in Germany during the high Middle Ages.

longsword demo

Unarmored Longsword, c. 1550.

This sequence comes from the Vienna manuscript of Paulus Hector Mair's treatise on the martial arts, which has both a German and a Latin text. The techniques are very close to those found in sources from the 1400s.

rapier demo

Rapier and Dagger, 1606

This sequence is built from techniques in Salvator Fabris' rapier manual, De lo Schermo, overo Scienza d'Arme (Of Fencing, On the Science of Arms), which was published in Italian in 1606. His principles were considered fundamental to the rapier's use through the end of the 17th century.

smallsword demo

Smallsword, 1771

This sequence is based primarily on A. Lonnergan's smallsword manual, The Fencer's Guide, which was published in London in 1771. It is typical of late 18th century smallsword play, which was practiced both for use in earnest and as a sport.


Other links of interest to Muse readers:

Higgins Armory Sword Guild home page

  • demo photographs and video clips of longsword, rapier, and sword and buckler fights interpreted by Guild members

  • a discussion of medieval German longsword techniques

Muse magazine home page